Lysander, Tayne, Halsey, Havelock, Weaver - not on the list, characters/generals after all.
Babylon is in Hillah, Iraq but is a ruin. Carthage is definitely a ruin. There are multiple Thebes, I THINK that this was referring to the one in Egypt which is also a ruin. Istanbul hasn't really been Byzantium for 600 years which is a really long time.
New Dubai - not sure how it's different from Old Dubai. I took it off the map because I assume it's not on Earth?
Siam is an exonym (name used by outsiders like Portuguese or British) and isn't really fitting. Thailand is sort of more fitting because its leaders did elect to choose the name Thailand / Prathet Thai which translated to "Land of Thais". Also locals will call it Prathet Thai instead. For many centuries they used Ayutthaya. But also Thailand can be problematic because it was done to kind of create a false sense of an ethnostate when Thailand is very diverse. Boy howdy it's complicated. How are you? Anyway, nobody there ever called it Siam which is fine, and they still don't.
New Dubai, New Mombasa - presumably offworld colonies? New Mombasa is also a Halo 2/3/ODST reference.
New Cairo - real place, but more of a planned suburb/satellite city than a real city.